For background, it’s key to understand that as it relates to dementia,  brain changes can begin decades before a person experiences symptoms of cognitive decline. Yet not all people with dementia-related changes in their brains experience clinical dementia, and there are major differences in the severity of cognitive impairment, even in people with similar brain pathology (like amyloid buildup). But why?

Indeed, some recent research suggests that improvements in memory from cognitive training are driven by increases in BDNF, and it may also be the case that part of the benefit provided to people from antidepressants is through BDNF increases. The good news is that independent of pharmaceuticals, research suggests basic lifestyle changes can increase BDNF levels

A new study from researchers at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health from March of 2025 offers a hopeful message: even small amounts of exercise may help prevent dementia, including in older adults who are frail.

Today, we’re breaking down the latest science on these two remarkable beverages, and exactly what the research tells us about dosing and potential areas of concern.